Armed conflict is a complex global issue that has far-reaching implications for people and societies. From human rights abuses and the targeting of civilian populations to forced displacement and devastation of economic infrastructure, it harbors serious humanitarian and security concerns with devastating consequences for the affected communities and regional stability. The root causes of armed conflicts are numerous, and their resolution requires a comprehensive approach that encompasses the promotion of open dialogue and lasting solutions.
In terms of individual motivations, armed conflicts are largely triggered by unmet needs. According to Maslow (1954; 1973), humans have a series of basic needs that must be satisfied in order to thrive, such as the need for safety, social belonging and esteem, as well as self-actualisation. When the ability to meet these basic needs is limited, it creates an environment for resentment and mobilization of disenfranchised groups that may resort to violence in the pursuit of their goals.
At the level of the state, armed conflicts can be triggered by the aspiration of dominant states to assume the position of world leader or hegemon due to their dissatisfaction with the existing international system or status quo. This can lead to direct contests between the dominant state(s) and a rising challenger, so-called hegemonic wars.
The ICRC classifies situations of armed conflict based on factual determinations and legal criteria established in IHL, which determines whether or not it is an international armed conflict (IAC) or non-international armed conflict (NIAC). Today, there are over 110 NIACs and 60 IACs globally that the ICRC is monitoring.